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Coronaviruses
General Concepts
Coronaviruses cause acute, mild upper respiratory infection (common cold).
Structure
Spherical or pleomorphic enveloped particles containing single-stranded (positive-sense) RNA associated with a nucleoprotein within a capsid comprised of matrix protein. The envelope bears club-shaped glycoprotein projections.
Classification
Coronaviruses (and toroviruses) are classified together on the basis of the crown or halo-like appearance of the envelope glycoproteins, and on characteristic features of chemistry and replication. Most human coronaviruses fall into one of two serotypes: OC43-like and 229E-like.
Multiplication
The virus enters the host cell, and the uncoated genome is transcribed and translated. The mRNAs form a unique โnested setโ sharing a common 3โฒ end. New virions form by budding from host cell membranes.
Pathogenesis
Transmission is usually via airborne droplets to the nasal mucosa. Virus replicates locally in cells of the ciliated epit
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